Ethernet is one of the most common network technologies, the essence of which is to enable communication between various devices in a local network. Since its inception in the 1970s, Ethernet has undergone significant development, but remains a fundamental part of network infrastructure to this day. Let's take a closer look at how Ethernet works and what its main features are.
What is Ethernet and what is it used for?
Ethernet is a networking technology that enables communication between different devices on a local area network (LAN). It is the basic standard used in most wired networks, enabling the transfer of data between computers, printers, network devices and other elements of the network infrastructure. An Ethernet network uses a "star" or "bus" communication topology, where many devices are connected to one transmission medium. Ethernet cables are used to connect these devices, and information is sent in the form of data packets.
How Ethernet works - controlling access to the medium
One of the key features of Ethernet operation is the medium access method, which determines how many devices can transmit data simultaneously. In the classic Ethernet standard, this access control is provided by the CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) method. This involves devices listening to the medium before sending data. If the medium is free, the device can send its data packets. However, if more than one device tries to send data at the same time and there is a collision, both data frames sent are discarded and the devices retry sending the data after a random time.
How Ethernet networks work - MAC addressing
Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address, which is used to identify that device on the network. MAC addresses are assigned by the device manufacturer and are stored in permanent ROM. With MAC addresses, devices on the network are able to uniquely identify to which addressee data should be sent.
What is the best Ethernet cable?
AnEthernetnetwork can be constructed of various types of cables, depending on the needs and requirements. Therefore, it is impossible to clearly state which Ethernet cable is the best, everything depends on the use of the network in a given project. The most commonly used types of Ethernet cables are:
Twisted Pair: This is the most popular type of Ethernet cable. It consists of pairs of wires that are twisted around each other to reduce electromagnetic interference. There are different categories of twisted pair cables such as Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a that offer different speeds and data transfer capabilities.
Fiber Optic: Ethernet networks also use fiber-optic cables that transmit data in the form of light instead of electricity. Fiber optic cables offer higher bandwidth and are more resistant to electromagnetic interference, but are usually more expensive than twisted pair cables.
Ethernet is an extremely important technology that enables communication between various devices on a local network. Thanks to flexible configuration options, a wide selection of cable types and high performance, Ethernet remains one of the most frequently used solutions in the field of computer networks. Understanding the basics of how Ethernet workscan help you better manage your networks and solve any problems related to their operation.